December 27, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 19 不動智神妙録を読んで19

武術の達人と相対すれば,攻撃はすべて柔らかく吸収され,気がつけばすっかり制されてしまっていることだろう。それはまるで空気と戦っているかのようなものである。当てようと思っても当てられず,触れたかと思えばいなされ,投げられ,倒される。真に達人ともなれば,剛に対して剛で応ずることなく,柔でもって敵をさばく。それはまるで沢庵の言う,水の上の瓢箪のようである。押されればひらりと躱し,自在に動き,しかしいつまでもそこに在る。何とかしようとしても何ともならない。決して力任せに従わせることはできない。瓢箪を押す手とは,すなわち敵の攻撃である。敵の攻撃とは要するに,欲である。欲とは,私へのこだわりである。私へのこだわりが,私の自在な動きを止める。武術の達人が攻撃をふわりと避けるが如く,悟りへと辿り着いた人は私を含めた一切合切に囚われずマインドフルにただそこに在る。その自由自在な姿は,極めて武術的である。

If you confront a master of martial arts, all of your attacks will be absorbed softly, and you will become perfectly under the control of him/her in the blink of an eye. It is just as if you fight with the air. Whenever you try to hit him/her, you will not be able to do it. Immediately after you feel you touch him/her, you will be parried, thrown, and knocked down. True masters of martial arts would control enemies, who try to attack them by the hardness, by not the hardness but the softness. That is just like a gourd on the water, explained by Takuan. A master or gourd will parry and move freely whenever pushed, but remain there. Even if you try to make him/her obey, you can not exactly do that. You never enable him/her obey you forcibly. The hand to push a gourd is namely the attack of an enemy. The attack of an enemy is namely desires. Desires means attachment to the self. It makes you stop moving freely. As if a master of martial arts evade the attack softly, a person who have attained enlightenment would not be attached to everything including the self mindfully but remain there simply. That state with perfect freedom is completely like martial arts.

December 22, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 18 不動智神妙録を読んで18

何か気になることや心配なことがあると,我々はついそれに注意が向いてしまい,他の物事に眼が行かなくなってしまう。仕事やスポーツのように,一点に集中すべきときにすべての意識をそこに注ぎ込むのは良い。しかし,そうでないときに何かに心が囚われていると,注意を即座に転換できず,何かが起きたときにすぐ対応できない。また,我々人間はそもそも,周囲の物事に対して,自分の興味関心に従って選択的に注意を向けている。なぜなら,認知的な処理資源には容量,つまり限界があるからである。気になることや心配なことは,注意をそこに固着してしまうのと同時に,この限られた認知的資源を消費してしまう。だから気にしないでおこうと心に思うのだが,その思い自体,認知的資源を使っていることになる。沢庵は,それにさえも使わないようにせよと助言する。そうすれば,限られた認知資源をフル活用できる。それこそが本当の意味での,無心の状態である。

When we are concerned or worried about something, we unintentionally pay attention to it, and become blind to the other things. It is not problematic to devote all of our attention to a point we should concentrate on, like jobs and sports. But otherwise, if we are attached to something, we could not switch our attention quickly and cope with happenings rapidly. In addition, we human beings primarily pay selective attention to things around us according to our own interests. It is because there is a capacity or limitation in our cognitive processing resources. Something concerned or worried makes us not only stuck to it but also expend the limited cognitive resources on it. So, we have an idea that we should not be concerned or worried, but the idea itself consumes the cognitive resources. Takuan advised not expending the cognitive resources on even the idea. If so, we can make full use of the limited resources. That is the true meaning of the state of mushin (no-mindedness).

December 12, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 17 不動智神妙録を読んで17

よく「無心になって」とか「無我の境地で」と言うが,我々人間は生きている限り無(ゼロ)になることはない。沢庵は,石や木のように心や私が無いわけではない,と例える。心の中では常に何かが巡り,私は私として厳然とここに在ると感じることに変わりはない。しかし,その心の中に巡る何かに囚われないことを無心と言い,私に囚われないことを無我と言う。囚われないとは,こだわらないことである。こだわらなければ,自在に動くことができる。そうやって何かへのこだわりを一切捨てることがマインドフルな状態であり,禅の目指すところである。それはまさに無為自然な状態と言えよう。作為なく自在に動くことができれば,千変万化する状況の中,水のごとく臨機応変に振る舞うことができるようになる。一方で,あらゆるこだわりを捨てていくことで,やがて欲が減り,結果的に苦も減っていく。つまりストレスが低減していく。これがブッダの示した方法である。

We often hear "have no-mindedness" or "be in a state of selflessness," but we human beings cannot become nothing (zero) as long as we are alive. Takuan used a metaphor that we are not like a stone or tree which has no mind or no self. There are always some things wandering in our mind, while we constantly feel that we clearly exist here as ourselves. But, to be free from things wandering in our mind is called mu-shin (no-mind), and to be free from ourselves is called mu-ga (no-self). To be free is to be not attached. Non-attachment allows us to move freely. In this way, to leave all what we are attached to is to be mindful, or the aim of Zen. It can be exactly said to be unintentional and natural. If we can move unintentionally and freely, we could behave flexibly like water in ever-changing situations. On the other hand, throwing all of attachments away leads to decrease of desires, which results in decrease of sufferings. That is to say, reduction of stress. This is the method Buddha presented.

December 04, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 16 不動智神妙録を読んで16

道家の極意は水である。なぜなら,水はタオに最も近いからである。どんなところへも流れていき,何かがあれば柔らかく変化して躱していく。しかし,いったん塊となれば強大な力を瞬間的に発揮し,また,一滴一滴の力は長い年月をかけて固い岩をも穿つ。山の泉は川となり,やがて大海へと至る。さらには,環境に応じて液体にも固体にも気体にもなる。臨機応変・自由自在に変化して,いついかなる状況にもしなやかに対応する。沢庵の説くところでは,水は水でも,氷(固体)のままではいけない。氷のままでは固まってしまって,いざというときに身動きが取れないからである。だから液体である水のごとく,千変万化な状況に応じる心が,仏家・禅家の狙うところとなる。広げて言えば,水でも氷でも水蒸気でも,環境に応じて在れば何だって良い。何かである必要はない。何かであらねばならないと思う心もまた,我々を居着かせる。そこをも離れてこそ,本当の無為自然である。

The secret of Taoists is water. It is because water is the nearest to the Tao. Water flows to anywhere, and evades anything softly and flexibly. But, if it becomes a mass, it will demonstrate a mighty power in a moment, while the power of drops of water will wear a hard stone spending a long time. Springs in mountains become a river and eventually reach to the sea. In addition, it changes into a liquid, solid, or gas according to environment. It changes resourcefully and freely, and then cope with any situations elastically. Takuan explained, water should be water, not be ice. Remaining ice means being so solid that we can not move quickly in time of need. Therefore, the aim of Buddhists or Zen Buddhists is to have a mind of coping with ever-changing situations like liquid water. In a broad sense, it would be all right if it exists in accordance with circumstances, as water, ice, or vapor. It does not need to be something. The mind to think that we have to be something also makes us attached to it. Just leaving even it is being truly unintentional and natural.

November 25, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 15 不動智神妙録を読んで15

武術は,形(型)を練ることが稽古の本体である。形を練ることで古の偉大なる武人達の身体を今この瞬間に再体験しながら,我が身を武術的身体へと変えていくのが武術本来の修行である。この中で,例えば,突く動作をするときに拳にだけ意識を向けてはいけない。突くという動作は,足先から頭の先まで全身が全体として動作して初めて成立する。こうして全身を意識し,連動する身体を感じながら練ることで,突き一つの修行となる。形には,その連動性のメカニズムが詰まっている。古の武人による身体知の結晶であり,これを丁寧に象ることで武術的身体となっていく。だから稽古では,内なる身体という宇宙へと意識を向ける。どこにも意識を止めることなく,かつ,どこにも意識を向けていく。こういう稽古を地道に続けることで,やがて自然に,意識が凝らない柔らかな状態になっていく。すると,日常生活も同じく,意識の凝らない柔らかな心持ちになっていく。これが武道である。

In martial arts, practicing Kata is the true form of its training. It is the original practice of martial arts that is, through practicing Kata, to experience the body of ancient great masters at the present moment and change our own body into the body of martial arts. In doing this, for example, we must not focus on only the fist when we do an act of punching. The act of punching can not be executed before the whole body from top to toe works totally. In this way, being aware of the whole body and practicing kata by feeling the coordinating body refines the training of a punch. Kata contains various mechanisms of the body coordination. Kata is the embodiment of somatic knowledge cultivated by ancient martial artists, and tracing it carefully enables our body to become marital gradually. Therefore, in the practice of martial arts, focus attention to the cosmos of the inner body. But, never keep consciousness on anywhere, while distribute consciousness over everywhere. Consistently continuing such practice as this leads naturally to the softer state in which we have a consciousness attached to nothing. Then, similarly in everyday life, your mind will become soft and non-attached. This is Budo.

November 16, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 14 不動智神妙録を読んで14

心をどこか一点に止めず,広い視野と柔らかい足腰を持つ。これは何も敵と対峙した戦いの場のみに限らない。日常生活や仕事の場でも,その場の状況を取り巻く様々な物事や人間関係への目配りを怠らないことが大切である。もちろん,余所事に気を取られず,今まさに目の前のやるべきことに集中することが第一である。ただ,そうありつつも,そこから全く離れられなくなってはいけない。それは「居着き」と呼ばれ,武術では戒められる。注力すべきところに集中しつつも常に鳥瞰的な感度は保ち,何かあればいつでもそこを離脱できる用意をしておく。事も人も,様々な何かとつながり,常に変化している。想像力と感受性でもって,できる限り場を広く捉え,つながりと変化を見極める。もちろん上手くいかないことも,失敗することもある。しかしそれでも広い視野と柔らかい足腰を保てば,事態はやがて好転するにちがいない。下手や失敗を悔い続けることもまた,「居着き」である。

We should not fix our mind to a point somewhere, but have a comprehensive perspective and soft footwork. This is not limited especially within a situation of confronting enemies. Even in the cases of both daily and professional situations, it is important to keep a watchful eye over various things and interpersonal relations around the present situations. Of course, the first thing is to concentrate on what you have to do in front of you at present, without being distracted by the other things. But, when doing so, you must not getting unable to leave from what you do at present. That is called "itsuki," which is cautioned in martial arts. Not only focus on what you should pour efforts on, but also always keep a bird's eye sensitivity and be ready to get detached from it whenever something happens. Both occurrences and humans are related to various things and ever changing. With imagination and sensitivity, grasp the situation as broadly as possible and find out both the relationships and changes. Of course, sometimes it doesn't go well, and sometimes it come to no good. But then, if you have a comprehensive perspective and soft footwork, the situation must get better soon. To continue regretting your poorness and failure in the past is also "itsuki."

November 08, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 13 不動智神妙録を読んで13

意思でもって心を制御しようとするのは,想像以上に難しい。例えば,考えたくない思考や感情を心の中から無理矢理押し出そうとすればするほど,皮肉にも考えてしまう。これを逆説的効果と言う。そうして悪戦苦闘するかと思えば,気がつくと知らぬ間に,我々の心はその場と関係のないことをあれこれ考え始める。これはマインドワンダリングと呼ばれる。マインドフルネスとは集中力と観察力を養うことで,勝手に駆け回る心と上手に付き合う術である。まず呼吸の一点に意識を向け続けて,集中力を身に付ける。さまよいに気づいたら再び呼吸に戻る。これによって徐々に心がさまよいにくくなったり,嫌な思考や感情が勝手に消えていったりする。しかしこれはあくまで修行の前半である。集中力を身に付けたら,徐々に一点集中からその観察対象を身体全体へと広げる。やがてその場をも含む世界全体を見渡す俯瞰的な視野を得る。この集中と観察こそが,修行者の武と生を豊かにする。

Controlling the mind on one's own will is more difficult than we expected. For example, the more we forcibly push unwanted thoughts and emotions out of the mind, ironically the more we think about these thoughts and emotions in the mind. This is called paradoxical effect. Though we fight desperately against them, on the other hand, we unconsciously begin thinking about this and that, which is not related to the present task or situation in front of us. This is referred to as mind-wandering. Mindfulness is an art to get along with the uncontrollable galloping mind by cultivating the ability to concentrate and observe. First, continue to pay attention to one point --- your breath --- for improving concentration. When you are aware of your wandering mind, pay attention back to your breath again. By practicing this, gradually, your mind will hardly wander, or bad thoughts and emotions in your mind will disappear without your intention. But, this is actually the first half of the mindfulness practice. After you learn the skill to concentrate, gradually broaden your attention from the one point --- your breath --- to your whole body. Then, acquire a comprehensive perspective to overview the whole world including the present task or situation in front of you. This concentration and observation just enriches the practitioners' martial art and life.

November 02, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 12 不動智神妙録を読んで12

心の探究という実践を伴わないで心を語る人の言説は軽い。心について語る上で必要なのは心を徹底的に実践することだと,沢庵は言っている。道元の言葉で言えば,「仏道をならふといふは,自己をならふなり」である。心あるいは私を徹底的に観察する。そういう実践をし続けることで,心が少しずつ分かっていく。そして同時に,心が少しずつ分からなくなっていく。これは武術の修行と全く同じである。武術は,強くなろうと稽古すればするほど弱くなる。探求する度にその深みは増していく。そして自分がいかに弱いか,分かっていないかが分かるようになる。こうして終わりなく徹底的に習い続け,探求し続けることが武術の修行という営みであり,やがて私という在り様を少しずつ体感していく。それは禅の修行そのものであり,だからこれを「武道」と言う。心も武術も,実践しないと分からないが,実践するほど分からなくなる。だからどちらも,実践する人ほど軽々しく語らなくなる

What people, who have no experience to explore the mind, state about the mind is empty. Takuan said, what we need to do for stating the mind is to practice the mind entirely. In the words of Dogen, "To learn the Buddha way is to learn the self." This means observing the mind or self thoroughly. Continuing this practice leads to knowing our own mind little by little. Simultaneously, we gradually become unsure of our own mind. This is exactly the same phenomenon to the practice of martial arts. In martial arts, the more a person practices the art to become strong, the weaker he/she becomes. The more he/she explores the art, it becomes deeper. Then, he/she knows how weak he/she is and how he/she does not know it. In this way, the endless thorough learning and exploration is an activity of the martial arts practice, and later the practitioners will somatically feel how their self exists little by little. That is the practice of Zen itself, and then this is called "Budo (martial way)." Concerning both the mind and martial arts, we can not realize before we practice it, but the more we practice it the less we become sure of it. Therefore, the more people practice it, the less they state about it.

October 22, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 11 不動智神妙録を読んで11

人は普通,損をしたくないものである。だからついあれこれ思案する。しかし,そうして思案し過ぎて迷った挙げ句,結果的に損をすることがある。逆に思案せず直観的に動いて,かえって得をしたりすることもある。どんな場合もありうるので,思案する方が良いか直観で動く方が良いかを簡単に断ずることはできない。ただ,人は様々な可能性を考慮できる高度な計算機械である一方,それ以前に肉と骨からなる生身の動物である。動物としての身体的な直観は,時として複雑な計算処理を超えた知を与えてくれる。人以外の動物は,あれこれ損得を勘定して生きていない。だから,損をしたくなければ,むしろ損得勘定はしない方が良い。動物的な瞬間的直観を鋭敏に感じ取り,それに疑念を挟まず従うことで道が拓ける。立ち止まって考える余裕があれば,あれこれ考えてみることもまた必要である。ただ,真の答えはおそらく,人間的な思案や理屈にではなく,動物的な直観や感覚にこそある。

We human beings basically do not want to suffer a loss. Then, we unintentionally tend to think about this and that. However, after too much thinking and wavering in that way, we sometimes lose at last. On the other hand, there are some cases that no thinking but doing by intuition would result in gaining instead of losing. Since there are every possibility, we can not easily decide whether we should think about a lot of things or move by intuition. But, human beings are like a highly-leveled computing machine that can consider various possibilities, while we are primarily a living animal that consists of flesh and bone. Somatic intuition as an animal sometimes gives us a wisdom beyond complicated computer processing. Animals other than human beings do not live with any gain-and-loss arithmetic. Then, if you do not want to lose, rather you should not do any gain-and-loss arithmetic. Feeling mindfully your own animal momentary intuition and following it without doubt will open the way you should go. When you have time to stop to think about the problem in front of you, it is surely necessary to think about this and that. But, probably there might be a true answer not in human thoughts and logic but in animal intuition and sensation of us.

October 14, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 10 不動智神妙録を読んで10

早くやろうとすると,結果的に早くできない。うまくやろうとすると,結果的にうまくできない。こうありたいという心が,今この瞬間に全身全力でやりきることを妨げる。その瞬間にやるべきことをただ全身全力でやりきれば,自然と早く,自然とうまくいく。視点を変えれば,こうありたいということは,今現在そうなっていないことを意味する。すると,こうありたいという未来の理想に対して,現在の状態は負の価値を帯びる。何かを達成したいという理想を持つことは大切であり,そのために我々は努力しようと動機づけられ,そこに到達しようと計画を立てる。しかし,一旦計画に従って努力を始めたら,理想のことは忘れて,その瞬間にやるべきことだけに全身全力で向かう。未来を思えば,実現していない現在は相対的に不快で苦しい。苦しい時ほど長く感じる。逆に,楽しい時は短く感じる。それは,どこにも心がとらわれず,今ここになりきっているからである。

When we hope to finish something early, as a result we can not finish it early. When we hope to do something successfully, as a result we can not do it successfully. The mind of becoming what we want prevents us from doing something completely at this very moment with full effort. Just doing thoroughly what we should do at that instant with full force makes it naturally be finished early and be done successfully. From another viewpoint, hoping that we will become what we want to be means now being not what we want to be. Then, compared to the future ideal to hope to be like that, the present state will have a negative value.To have an ideal for achieving something is so important that we can be motivated to make a plan and an effort to reach the goal. But, once we start working toward the goal along the plan, we should forget the ideal goal and devote all our energies to what we should do at that time. When we imagine the future, the present in which the future ideal has not been realized yet is relatively uncomfortable and painful. The more painful it is, the longer we feel it is. Conversely, the more fun it is, the shorter we feel it is. It is because of being not stuck in anything but the present and being completely in the here now.

October 01, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 9 不動智神妙録を読んで9

間の良さもあれば,間の悪さもある。間が良いとは,文脈に沿っていることを絶妙なタイミングですることと言えよう。一方,間が悪いとは,文脈に沿っていないことをするか,外れたタイミングでするか,あるいはその両方をすることと言えよう。鋭さや賢さや面白さが光るのは間の良さであり,鈍さや愚かさやつまらなさが醸し出されるのは間の悪さである。沢庵が説くところは,その場で考えているようでは間が悪い,と解釈できる。考えを持って実行することは大切である。しかし,その場になって考えて動いているようでは,まったくもって遅すぎる。それが戦いの場であれば,あっさり負けてしまう。滑らかにしなやかに動くには,その場の流れに乗らなければならない。間が悪いとは,考えに心がとらわれ,働きが鈍り,流れに乗れないことである。だから常日頃より,一切何も考えずに身体が身体だけで動けるようになるまで繰り返す。それ以外に,間を良くする稽古はない。

There is not only good timing but also bad timing. Good timing can be said to be doing a contextualized thing at the just right time. On the other hand, bad timing can be said to be doing a non-contextualized thing, doing a thing at the wrong time, or doing a non-contextualized thing at the wrong time. We feel that a person is sharp, intelligent, and humorous in his/her good-timed action, while we feel that a person is dull, stupid, and boring in his/her bad-timed action. Explanation of Takuan can be interpreted as the idea that thinking then and there is bad timing. It is important to practice with thoughts. But, To think at that time and place and then begin acting is really too late. If you do like that in a fighting situation, you will be easily defeated. If you want to move smoothly and flexibly, you must go with the flow of the situation. Bad timing is to be stuck with the thoughts, become dull of functioning, and not be able to go with the flow. Therefore, the important thing is to continue to practice forever until the body can move by itself without any thought. There is no practice to better the timing but it.

September 25, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 8 不動智神妙録を読んで8

武術では心法と身法,この両方が備わってこそ達人へと至ることができる。沢庵が説く例に沿えば,いくら心を鍛えても身体的な術が未熟であれば,当然切られてしまう。しかし,たとえ身体的な術を鍛えても心が未熟であれば,やはり切られてしまう。心法(理)と身法(事)の両方がそろって初めて,自由自在に戦う,すなわち勝つことができる。これは何も戦いの場だけに限らない。理と事の教えは,「理論と実践」の関係に当てはめることができる。考えなくただ闇雲に対処するのは,決して有効とは言えない。しかし,理屈ばかりこねて実行しなければ,それもまた無益である。できる人というのは,考えを持って自ら行動する人である。ただしその考えは,どこかに偏ることなく,常にバランスと調和を保っていなければならない。具体的な行動スキルも身に付けておく必要がある。そうして沢庵の言うように,囚われのない心で自由自在に動く。仕事も人間関係も,極意は武術と同じである

In martial arts, both of mental arts and physical arts are so necessary that we can become a master. According to Takuan's example, if we are not good at physical arts even though we have trained mental arts well, we will be killed by an enemy. But, if we are not good at mental arts even though we have trained physical arts well, so will we too. We can not fight with enemies freely and flexibly, that is, we can not win a victory over the enemies before we have mastered both mental and physical arts well. This teaching is not limited within the battle field. The idea of mental and physical arts can be applied to the relationship between "theory and practice." Coping with problems thoughtlessly and blindly is by no means effective. But, only chopping logic without taking any action is also of no use. A man of ability is a man who can act thoughtfully. But the thoughts must not be biased in favor of anything but be balanced and harmonized. It is also necessary to have practical behavioral skills. In this way, as Takuan said, act freely with an unstuck mind. The secret of work as well as interpersonal relationship is the same to the one of martial arts.

September 13, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 7 不動智神妙録を読んで7

何事も,生半可に優れている者はその生半可な優秀さを誇ろうとする。それは評価されたい気持ちの裏返しである。だが本当に極めた者はまるで全くの凡人のように,自らその優秀さを誇ることはないし,端から見ても優秀であるとすぐには分からない。そのように一見,凡人と同様に何もない状態でありながら,しかし凡人と達人の違いは,何かがあれば即座に的確に対応できるところである。さらに言えば,何もせずとも災禍の方が避ける,つまり,何もせずとも難事が治まる,そもそも難事さえ起こらないのが究極とも言える。案山子に関する沢庵の話は,そのようにも解釈できる。荘子で言うところの「木鶏」に等しい。最強の闘鶏は,何にも惑わされず一切動じない木鶏のごとく泰然としている。「木鶏子夜に鳴く」という禅語がある。木鶏のごとき達人は,真夜中(子の刻)に密かに努力を重ねるものである。努力や優秀さは人に知られなくてもよい。それが木鶏への道,案山子への道である。

In everything, people who are imperfectly superior to others would often try to show others their imperfect superiority. It is only because they unconsciously want to be highly rated. But, genuine masters, like really ordinary persons, do not show their own superiority by themselves, and people do not recognize them to be superior at a glance. In this way, they seem to have nothing as if they were laypersons, though, the difference between laypersons and masters is that masters can cope with problems quickly and rightly. Further, each of the problems itself will evade masters who do nothing, that is, it will quiet down though they do nothing, and ultimately speaking, it never occurs around masters. What Takuan explained about a scarecrow can be interpreted as this way, too. It is similar to "mokkei (cock curved in wood)" in Chuang Tsu. The strongest fighting cock never be disturbed nor upset by anything but is calm like a wooden cock. There is a saying in Zen "Mokkei shiya ni naku (wooden cock crows at midnight)." Masters as a wooden cock step up efforts secretly at midnight. Do not become known by others for your efforts and superiority. That is the way to become a wooden cock or scarecrow.

September 06, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 6 不動智神妙録を読んで6

西洋音楽の音階で言えばドから始まって再びドに戻るように,道の修業を極めればやがて元の素人のごとく無になると沢庵は説く。老子なら,赤ん坊に習えと諭す。我々人間は誰しも赤ん坊として生まれ,とらわれの対象となる色々なものを溜め込みながら大人になる。だから道家は,まだ何にもとらわれていない,最も柔らかで無為自然な存在を理想とする。兵法の例えを老子風に解けば,剛が極まれば柔となる,と言えようか。小説『名人伝』の主人公・紀昌は,天下一の弓の名人になろうと修業し,極めた最後にはとうとう弓のことさえ忘れてしまった。無から有,そしてまた無へ。柔から剛,そしてまた柔へ。弱から強,そしてまた弱へ。無分別から分別,そしてまた無分別へ。つまり,強いか弱いか,損か得か,良いか悪いか,悟ったか悟ってないか,にとらわれているようではまだ全く道の途中である。あらゆるとらわれを手放して元の無に帰る。ストレスとは無縁の絶対的安心がそこにある。

As if the scale of Western music starts from the syllable "do" and return to "do" again, when people thoroughly practice to see the heart of their own way, they eventually would become to be nothing like an original layman again, Takuan explained. Lao Tsu would persuade us to learn from babies. We human beings all was born as a baby, and then become an adult with hoarding wide variety of things that attach us to themselves. Therefore, the Taoists regard the softest unintentional natural existence, which has not been stuck in anything yet, as ideal. It can be said that, if Takuan's example of the art of fighting is interpreted according to Lao Tsu, the example might mean that the hardness ultimately becomes the softness. Kisho, the protagonist in the tale "Meijin-den," originally practiced the art of Japanese archery to be the strongest master in the world, and after he ultimately practiced the way of the art, he finally forgot even archery itself. The absence becomes the presence, which again become the absence. The softness becomes the hardness, which again becomes the softness. The weakness becomes the strength, which again becomes the weakness. The non-judgment becomes the judgment, which again becomes the non-judgment. This means, when you were caught by strength or weakness, gain or loss, good or bad, and whether you have been enlightened or not, you would be only halfway to the enlightenment. Let go of all of your attachments and return to the original absence. You can find the absolute peace there, which has nothing to do with stress.

August 31, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 5 不動智神妙録を読んで5

分析的思考と包括的思考というものがある。文化によって異なるとされる思考様式であり,西洋的とされる前者は部分を,東洋的とされる後者は全体を重視する。これは,個人を重視する西洋人と集団を重視する東洋人,という考えとつながる。西洋人は相互独立的な自己観を,東洋人は相互協調的な自己観を持つとも言われる。こうした東洋的な集団主義を没個性と揶揄する向きもある。確かに弊害もあろう。しかし沢庵に言わせれば,部分にとらわれると全体は機能しない(見えない)のである。千手観音は一本の手にこだわらないので,千の手をすべて万全に働かせることができる。部分へ固執せずに全体を俯瞰する視点こそが重要である。何も東洋人には,全体を視野に入れるこうした傾向が生来的に備わっているわけではない。東洋,東アジア,あるいは日本という風土の中で,長い年月をかけて培われてきた,より良く生きるための智慧なのである。その大切な智慧を忘れてはいけない。

We human beings have analytic thinking and holistic thinking. These are thinking styles different in cultures, which researchers suggested. The former, which is assumed to be Western, means to focus on the parts of a thing, while the latter, which is assumed to be Eastern, means to focus on the whole of the thing. This distinction is related to the idea that Westerners place importance on individuality, while Easterners place importance on community. It is also said that Westerners have an independent self, while Easterners have an interdependent self. Some people ridicule such Eastern collectivism as lack of individuality. Indeed, it would also have harmful influences on us. But Takuan said, when we are caught by the parts, the whole could not work well (we could not see the whole well). Senju-Kannon (Buddhist Goddess with thousand arms) is not stuck in one of her hands, and then she can use all of her thousand hands well. The important thing is not to be attached to the parts but to have a perspective to overview the whole. Even Easterners do not innately have this inclination to see the whole. That is a wisdom for them to live better, which has been cultivated in a climate of the East, east Asia, or Japan, for a long time. Do not forget this important wisdom.

August 24, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 4 不動智神妙録を読んで4

思考や感情など,何かに心がとらわれると,我々はそのことをつい追いかけてしまう。すると,連想ゲームのように次から次へと考えや思いが湧き出てくる。もしくは,無限循環で再生される映像や音楽のように,心の中で延々と同じ考えや思いが繰り返される。それはまるで飛び回る馬か猿のようなものだと,仏教では喩えられる。これがストレスを長引かせる心理学的な原因の一つにもなっている。ある種の自家中毒に陥っていると言える。こうして何かにとらわれてしまえば,他が見えなくなり,対応がおろそかになるのは想像に難くない。沢庵はこれを,十人掛かりで切ってくる敵に例えている。もし仮に一人目の敵に心がとらわれてしまったら,その敵をいつまでも追いかけてしまい,次の二人目に切られてしまう。だから,応じるけれどもとらわれてはいけない,と説く。自分が置かれた今ここの状況に,何かにとらわれることなく,全身全霊で応じる。それは,今ここになりきることである。

When we get stuck in something like emotions or thoughts, we unconsciously pursue them. Then, thoughts and feelings come to mind one after another, as if it is an association game. Or, same thoughts and feelings recur in mind endlessly, as if it is a video or music played in an infinite loop. It is just like a horse or monkey running around restlessly, metaphorically speaking in Buddhism. It is also one of psychological factors that prolong stress. It can be said that we seem to be falling in a kind of auto-intoxication (self-poisoning). We can easily imagine that getting stuck in something in this way leads to getting blinded to other things of it and paying no attention enough to cope with them. Takuan compared this to 10 cutting enemies. If our mind is captured by the first enemy, we unintentionally would follow the enemy forever, and then be cut down by the second one. Therefore, we should deal with but not be fixed on each of the enemies, Takuan explained. We should not be stuck in something, but respond to the here-now situation in front of us with all our spirit. That is as if we completely become the here-now.

August 15, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 3 不動智神妙録を読んで3

「不動智」とは,とらわれない心のことを指す。不動とは,固まって<動かない>こと,つまり,居着いてしまうことではない。そうではなく不動とは,何かに<動かされない>ことを意味する。我々人間はつい知らぬ間に,何かに気を取られ,心が動かされてしまう。ああでもないこうでもないと,悪いことばかりが頭を巡る。と思えば,快楽や贅沢などの誘惑にどっぷりと浸かって抜け出せない。気がつけば絶えず何かに心がとらわれ,忙しなく揺れ動いている。それが凡夫たる人間の心である。不動明王の一切を寄せつけない猛々しい憤怒の様は,そうやって心をとらえ,引っ張り回し,迷わせるもの一切を寄せつけないことの象徴なのだと沢庵は説く。不動智に至ることが仏道の目指すところであるとすれば,それは不動明王のように何にもとわれない心を持つことである。剣を持つ猛々しい武人の姿は,何かに動かされることなく,あらゆるものから解放された自由自在な心を具象化している。

"Fudo-chi" indicates unstuck mind. Fudo is not to freeze and "unmove," in other words, stay down at a place (itsuku in Japanese). But, Fudo means to be "unmoved" by anything. We human beings unintentionally tend to be distracted and moved by something. We tend to keep particularly something wrong in mind, like shilly-shallying. On the other hands, we often remain deep in such temptations as pleasures and luxuries, and can not escape from them. We sometimes become aware that we are constantly stuck in something, and our mind are restlessly swinging here and there. That is the mind of human being as an ordinary unenlightened existence. Takuan explained that the fierce and furious appearance of Fudo-Myoo, which fights off everything, is a symbol of keeping out all of things that catch, drag about, and confuse our mind. If attaining to the state of Fudo-chi is the aim of Buddhism, it is to have the mind which is never stuck in anything like Fudo-Myoo. The appearance of fierce warrior having a sward embodies the flexible mind which is unmoved by anything and free from everything.

July 25, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 2 不動智神妙録を読んで2

敵と相対すれば,いろいろなものにとらわれる。どんな人間か,どんな太刀筋(剣筋,拳筋)か,どんな間合いから来るか,どんなタイミングで来るかなど,数え上げれば限りない。相手を知ろうとする一方で,自分を制御しようとするのもとらわれである。とにかく何かにとらわれれば,その時点でその他が留守になる。そうなれば結果的にやられてしまうと,沢庵は説く。我々の心は,放っておくと気づかぬうちに何かにとらわれ,ついそればかりを追いかけてしまう。マインドフルネスとは,自動的に引っ張られない集中力を基礎にしつつ,しかし,ただ一点にだけ集中することなく全体をふわりと万遍なく観察することである。それがブッダの示す仏教的核心であり,禅が示す境地である。過去や未来にとらわれず,「今ここ」の目の前の現実を観る。「今ここ」の何かにとらわれず,全体を観る。ストレスを減らすにも,人間関係を円滑にするにも,目標を首尾良く達成するにも,これは極意となる。

When we confront an enemy, we would get stuck in various things. There are innumerable things like what kind of person he/she is, how he/she will use the sword, from what distance he/she will step forward, or at what timing he/she will. It is being stuck that we want to control ourselves as well as to know the opponent. In any case, immediately after we get stuck in a thing, we will not pay any attention to the other things. Takuan explained that, If so, we will lose as a result. When we are not aware of our mind, it tends to unconsciously get stuck in something, and unintentionally chase it only. Mindfulness is, based on concentration with which we are not dragged by anything automatically, to observe the whole gently and evenly without paying attention to a certain thing only. That is the core of Buddhism which the Buddha showed us, and the state to which Zen directs us. It is not to be stuck in the past and the future, but to observe the "here-now" reality in front of us. It is not to be stuck in a certain thing "here-now" but to observe the whole. For reducing stress, smoothing interpersonal relationships, and achieving goals successfully, this is the secret.

July 15, 2018

After Reading Takuan: Part 1 不動智神妙録を読んで1

マインドフルネスとは,「今,この瞬間の体験に意図的に意識を向け,評価をせずに,とらわれのない状態で,ただ観ること」である。気づいた状態でありながら,すべてのこだわりを手放し,価値判断をせず無為自然に(云為に)在ることを指す。何か一つのこだわりにとらわれれば,我々はそれに巻き込まれ,振り回される。そうして駆け回る心は,過去へ未来へとさまよう。これがしばしばストレスの源泉になっている。沢庵は,敵と対峙したとき,相手の太刀(剣,拳)に心を止めるなと説く。もちろん,切ってくる太刀は,見るには見るけれども,その一点にだけこだわっていては十分に動けない。だから,相手の太刀にこだわらず,評価や判断といった分別をせず,ただ自然に応じよと言う。臨済宗の禅僧・沢庵の説く剣(拳)の奥義とはまさにマインドフルに在ることであり,仏教的在り方,禅的在り方の核心である。そしてそれは,現代的に見れば,ストレスを低減する奥義でもある。

Mindfulness is "simply observing the experience at the present moment with intentional awareness, no judgement, and no captivity." It means letting go of all of attachments and being unintentionally natural with no judgments, while being aware of yourself. When we are captured by a certain attachment, we get involved with and swayed by it. Such galloping mind is wandering in the past and the future. This will often become a source of stress. Takuan stated that, when you confront an enemy, you should not make your mind get stuck in the enemy's sword. Actually, you see the cutting sword, but you can not move well if you are stuck in that only. Therefore, he said that you do not be stuck in the opponent's sword, not make such a distinction as evaluation or judgement, but just respond naturally to him/her. Takuan, the Zen monk of Rinzai school, explained that the secret of swordsmanship is just to be mindful, and mindfulness is the core concept to be in a way of Buddhism or Zen. That also is, from the viewpoint of modern society, the secret of stress reduction.

July 06, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 81 老子:第八一章を読んで

見た目に派手だったり,言葉が巧みであったり,いかにも賢そうだったりする人は,分かりやすいけれどもおそらく本物ではない。武を練る本物であれば,無駄を排し,簡素を極め,私を捨て他人や社会に与す。それが損だとするならば,損することこそ禅の境地といえる。低きところに流れる水のごとき武道家は,タオに通じているから争わない。争わないから,穏やかに生きながらえる。つまり武道とは,しなやかな愚者となる道なのである。

People who look showy, use words cleverly, or seem wise overtly are, though understandable, perhaps not genuine. The genuine who practices martial arts will eliminate waste, be completely simple, and contribute to others and society unselfishly. If these acts were loss, losing would be said to be a state of Zen. Budo-ka, who are like water which runs down to a low place, do not have a conflict with others because they are connected to the Tao. They do not fight with others, and they gently live long. Thus, Budo is the way to become a flexible fool.

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 80 老子:第八〇章を読んで

人間という種はつい,大きく多くなろうとする。その方が強いと信じているからである。発展拡大することを是として,増殖していこうとする。しかし,大きくなりすぎれば,全体として身動きが取りにくくなる。多くなりすぎれば,中で矛盾や争いが生まれる。そうして外交的にも内政的にも,やがて破綻する。本当の強さとはしなやかに生きながらえることだとすれば,小さく少なくまとまり,簡潔と素朴を是として,内外で争わないことこそが最強である。

The species of human beings unintentionally have a desire to become great in size and number. It is because we generally believe that largeness and numerousness is stronger. Our society tries to multiply since we regard the development and expansion as good. But, when the society becomes too large, it will have trouble moving as a whole. When it become too numerous, it will make contradictions and conflicts inside. In such a way, both diplomatically and domesticallyit will end in a breakdown. If the true strength was to survive flexibly, the strongest would be to be united small in size and number, regard the conciseness and simpleness as good, and not contend inside and outside.

June 30, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 79 老子:第七九章を読んで

我々は損をしたくないと思う。損をしたら,損をした原因である他人を怨む。あるいは,自分より得をしている他人を妬む。自分と他人を比べて損得を測り,怨んだり妬んだりする。禅である武道とは,その地平から逃れて,言わばずっと高いところから鳥瞰的に眺める視点を獲得するための道である。他者との比較に基づく勝敗や優劣や損得という価値基準から一切合切逃れ,時空を俯瞰的に観る目を養う。そうすれば自ずと,天は公平であることが分かる。

We human beings think that we hate to suffer a loss. When we lose, we will blame others who wreck the loss on us. Or, we will envy others who gain more than us. We tend to calculate the loss and gain by comparing others and us, and then blame and envy them. Budo which is Zen is the way for leaving from the the ground level and, so to speak, taking a bird's eye view from a higher level. It is to become free from all of such standards of value as winning or losing, superiority or inferiority, and loss or gain, and cultivate a bird's eye view of time and space. Doing so makes us naturally find the heaven is fair.

June 26, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 78 老子:第七八章を読んで

真の達人は,水や赤子のごとく振る舞う。世の中の多くの人にとって,何事も力の強いことは単純に良いとされる。剛を是とするそうした絶対的な価値基準に従った人は,剛に対して剛で優ろうとする。しかしその争いには際限がなく,やがて互いに疲弊し消耗する。一方で,柔を是とする水のごとき人は争いを避け,心穏やかに世界と調和する。赤子のごとく余分な我欲がないから,世間的には損を自ら引き受ける愚者に見える。悟るとはつまりそういうことである。

Genuine masters behave like water or babies. Many people in the world might regard the strength as simply good in everything. People who depend on such absolute standard of value that the hardness is good would intend to be superior to others by the hardness. But such competition is endless, and then both will be tired and exhausted. On the other hand, people who think the softness is good, being like water, would avoid a competition and be in harmony with the world calmly. They socially looks like fools who draw the short straw, because they, like babies, do not have excessive self-interest. In brief, Enlightenment is such a thing as this.

June 20, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 77 老子:第七七章を読んで

人に褒められれば誰もが嬉しい。しかし,余分に褒められる必要はない。だから,わざわざ自分を誇示することもない。力が余っているのなら,それは人や社会のために使えば良い。そうすれば,力の調和が保たれる。それがタオの働きである。だからタオに通じる武道家が力を養うのは,自分を誇示するためではなく,人や社会に資するためである。余分な報酬や尊敬を求めない。それは我欲である。我欲を捨てれば心は安らぎ,やがて世界は調和する。

Anyone will be happy when he/she receives praise from others. But, it is unnecessary to receive too much praise. So, you need not to show off yourself intentionally. If you have excessive power, you might want to use it for the benefit of others and society. When you do that, the balance of power will be made and maintained. That is the function of the Tao. Therefore, the reason why Budo-ka who are connected to the Tao develop their own power is not for showing off themselves but for contributing to the benefit of others and society. They do not seek for excessive rewards and respects for themselves. These are selfish desires. Let go of selfish desires, then you will feel calm and eventually the world will be harmonized.

June 15, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 76 老子:第七六章を読んで

生きていれば柔らかくみずみずしいが,死んでいれば硬く干からびている。若い人は柔らかくみずみずしいが,年を取ると硬く干からびてくる。柔らかいと視野が広く,身動きしやすいので,選択肢が多く,可能性にも溢れている。硬いとその逆となる。武術的にはこれを居着きという。だから,居着かないために柔らかく在り続ける。ただ一方で,地に根付いた硬い幹として天へと伸びていく柔らかい枝葉を下から支えるのもまた,自然な役割である。

We are soft and fresh when we are alive, while hard and dry when we are dead. Young people are soft and fresh, but the older people become, the harder and drier they become. Softness makes us have an open mind and good footwork, and then have a lot of alternatives and so full of possibilities. Hardness has the opposite effect for us. From the viewpoint of martial arts, this is "itsuki." Then, keep soft in order not to be such a state as itsuki. On the other hand, it is one of natural roles for a hard trunk rooting in the earth to support soft branches and leaves stretching to the heaven.

June 11, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 75 老子:第七五章を読んで

より良く生きること自体は,決して間違いではない。しかし,その「より良く」というのが,自分が贅沢をすること,自分を誇示すること,自分の思い通りに支配することだとすれば,誰もその人を尊敬しない。むしろ,贅沢や誇示や支配のような我欲を捨てる。「私」にこだわりのない人は,他人に施し,他人に優しい。これを「良し」として生きる人に,人はついていく。武を極めれば,禅やタオに通じ,やがて「私」はなくなる。それこそが最強の兵法である。

To live a better life itself is definitely not wrong. But, if the "better" life means enjoying luxury for oneself, flaunting oneself, and dominating others according to one's own demands, no one will not respect such a person who wants to live that life. Rather, let go of selfish desires as luxury, flaunt, and domination. A person who is not attached to himself/herself will give his/her charity to others and be kind to others. People will follow such a person who think this is a "better" life. If you thoroughly practice and master martial arts, you will be connected to Zen and the Tao, and your "I (self)" eventually will disappear. That is just he strongest art of warfare.

June 07, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 74 老子:第七四章を読んで

例えば,人に侮辱されたり,人が規則に反したりしたとき,我々は怒りを感じる。前者を私憤,後者を公憤という。私憤からその人に報復したり,公憤からその人に制裁を加えたりしたいとつい思う。しかしこのとき武道家であれば,あえて自ら行動しない。なぜなら,その人は,武道家本人が自ら手を下さなくとも,タオによって必ず報いを受けるからである。「私」自らがしなければならないという思いを捨てる。そうすれば,無駄な争いをせずに済む。

For example, when a person insults us or violates the rules, we feel angry. The former is called private indignation, and the latter public indignation. We unintentionally think that we want to retaliate against him/her based on such private indignation, or punish him/her based on such public one. But, at such a time, Budo-ka intentionally would not do anything. It is because the Tao will make him/her inevitably pay for what he/she did even if the Budo-ka him/herself do nothing with him/her. Let go of the idea that "I" have to do it "by myself." Then, you will be released from unnecessary conflicts.

June 01, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 73 老子:第七三章を読んで

何が正しくて何が正しくないかは,時代や文化や状況や立場によって,常に相対的である。だからこの世の中に絶対的なことなどない。見方によって,陰は陽となり,陽は陰となる。だから当然,タオや禅に従った生き方が絶対的に正しいわけではない。道家や禅者であっても,何が正しいかなど分からない。タオや禅は一つの考えであり,どう生きるかは個人の選択である。自然に身を任せ,争わず,奢らず,作為せず,ただ在る生き方を選ぶかどうかである。

What is right and what is not right are always relative to each other depending on the period, culture, situation, and position. Then, there is not something absolute in this world. Yin is Yang by some viewpoints, while Yang is Yin by other viewpoints. Therefore, of course, the life style following the Tao or Zen is not absolutely right. Even Taoists or Zen practitioners do not know what is right. The Tao or Zen is a kind of ideas, and how one lives is dependent on one's choice. This means whether or not one select the way to live in which one is just here now following the nature without conflicts, vanities, and artifices.

May 28, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 72 老子:第七二章を読んで

自らの知恵や力を誇り,その威力で他者を制しようとすれば,必ず反発が生じる。剛で押せば,必ず剛で返ってくる。このやり方は,どちらかが敗れるまで続く。たとえ勝ったとしても,相応に疲弊し損害を被る。これでは勝っても負けても意味がない。だから知恵や力はあっても,その威力を誇示してはいけない。もし剛で押されれば,そのときは柔で返す。剛を秘めた柔でもって,負けないところで事を収める。それが武術的な知恵と力の使い方である。

If you boost of your own wisdom and strength, and try to control others by that power, their reaction against you will inevitably occur. When you push others by the hardness, they will push you back by the hardness. In this case, the battle will continue until either of them loses. Even if you won, you would become exhausted and suffer loses accordingly. Here, it is meaningless for you whether you win or lose. Then, even if you have your rich wisdom and strength, you should not display that power. When you are pushed by the hardness, respond to it by the softness. By the softness which holds the hardness inside, handle the conflict in order that you will not lose. That is the way to use the wisdom and strength in a manner of martial arts.

May 26, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 71 老子:第七一章を読んで

禅が分かったと思っている人は,おそらく分かっていない。同じく,武術をマスターしたと思っている人は,おそらくマスターしていない。禅も武も,決して何らかのゴールに達することはない。むしろどちらも,練れば練るほど深くなる。練るほどに,ますます分からなくなる。自分が分からないことがますます分かってくる。分かったと勘違いして練るのを止めたらそこで終わりである。だから,分からないと思って練り続けている人の方が,禅も武も深い。

People who think they understood Zen, probably do not understand it. Similarly, people who think they mastered martial arts, probably do not master it. Concerning both Zen and martial arts, we never reach any goal. Rather, both get deepened by being practiced more. The more we practice it, the less we understand it; the more we understand what we do not understand. When we misunderstand as if we understood it and then stop practicing it, that will be the end. Therefore, people who think they do not understand it well and continue practicing it have attained to a deeper level of Zen or martial arts.

May 22, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 70 老子:第七〇章を読んで

欲得の世界からすれば,タオや禅に通じる人は,得てして理解されない。なぜなら,彼らは私への執着がないからである。私への執着がないと,欲を張らないので,生活は質素である。我を張らないので,争いに加わらない。水のごとく柔らかく,空気のごとく澄んでいる。だから,欲得に染まった人から見れば,タオや禅の人はきっと愚者に見えるに違いない。本当の武を習う者は,やがてタオや禅に通じる。達人に愚者が多いのはそのためである。

From the view point of the world of self-interest, people who are connected to the Tao and Zen can not be understood in most cases. It is because they are not attached to the self. Not being attached to the self will make us not greedy and then we will live a simple life. It will make us not selfish and then we will not be involved with competitions and conflicts. Such people are soft like water and clear like air. Therefore, from the viewpoint of those who are deeply attached to self-interest, a peron of the Tao and Zen must look a fool. Those who truly learn martial arts will eventually become connected to the Tao and Zen. That's why many of martial arts masters are often fools.

May 14, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 69 老子:第六九章を読んで

戦いは自ら仕掛けるものではない。自ら攻めるということは,自分の方が強いと思っている証左である。それは自惚れである。相手を侮ってはいけない。侮れば負ける。したがって争いを自ら起こすということは,負ける公算が高いことを意味する。負ける公算の高い勝負を自らするべきではない。負ければ失うものがある。戦わなければ失うものはない。船越義珍は「空手に先手なし」と言った。武術とは,勝つための術ではなく,負けないための術なのである。

We should not be the first to start a fight. If a person voluntarily starts a fight with another,  it will prove that he/she thinks of himself/herself to be stronger. That is vanity. Don't underestimate opponents. Otherwise, you will lose. Thus, being the first to start a fight means having a high possibility to lose. We should not be the first to start a fight in which we have a high possibility to lose. Losing in a fight causes losing something. No fighting causes losing nothing. Master Gichin Funakoshi said "There is no fist attack in karate." Martial arts are not the arts for winning but the ones for not losing.

May 09, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 68 老子:第六八章を読んで

武術の極意は無手勝流である。争わずして勝つことが最高の勝利である。つまり,武術とは争わないために習う術である。だから優れた武術家は,決して争いに巻き込まれない。稽古を重ねた達人は,実に柔和で優しく謙虚である。タオに従って水のごとく柔らかく人とぶつからず,知らず知らずのうちに事を丸く収めている。それはまるで空気のように,そこにいるようでいない。「私」への執着を捨てることが達人への道であり,つまりそれは禅である。

The secret of martial arts is winning without fighting. Victory without conflicts is the best. Thus, martial arts means arts that is learned in order not to fight with others. So, excellent martial artists never get involved in conflicts. Masters who have had a lot of practice are really soft, gentle, and modest. They are soft like water along the Tao, without conflicts with others, smoothing things over while others are unconscious of their direction. They are there while not there, just as the air. Letting go of the attachment to "I (me)" is the way approaching to become masters; that is Zen.

May 06, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 67 老子:第六七章を読んで

人に対して思いやりがなく,浪費的で,とにかく出世競争に勝ちたいと願う人間の心が穏やかであるはずがない。自分の欲望を最優先にして,欲しいものばかり求めるというやり方は,第一に際限がない。欲望は尽きないので,永遠に満たされることがないからだ。第二に敵を生む。ある欲を叶えようとすれば,その欲が叶えられない人がいるからだ。無駄をなくして自分の取り分は必要最小限にし,他者に「勝利」を譲れば,絶対的に心穏やかでいられる。

Those who have no consideration for others, waste things, times, and money, and lust for win a promotion race in some way or other can never have a peaceful heart. Firstly, it is endless to hold one's own desires to the maximum priority, and seek for only what he/she wants. It is because desires never end and then he/she never be satisfied. Secondly, it makes enemies. It is because, if he/she is fulfilled with a desire of his/her own, there will be another one who is not fulfilled with the desire. When you are not wasteful, receive only your minimum requirement, and yield a winning to another person, you will absolutely have a peaceful heart.

May 01, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 66 老子:第六六章を読んで

水は低いところに流れていく。そうして川はやがて海になる。だから低くへりくだる者がタオに通じている。横柄で利己的な者に人は決して付いていかない。謙虚で利他的な者にこそ人は付いていく。謙虚で利他的であれば,人と争うことはない。争わなければ,心穏やかに過ごすことができる。究極の武術とは,争わずに勝つことである。本当の勝利とは,人とともに心穏やかに過ごすことだとすれば,武術の核心とはすなわち謙虚で利他的であることである。

Water flows towards a lower place (water seeks its own level). In that way, rivers will become the sea. Then, people who downgrade themselves are connected to the Tao. Arrogant and self-centered persons are never followed by others. It is modest and altruistic ones who are followed by others. If a person is modest and altruistic, he/she will not fight with others. If we do not fight with others, we will be able to spend our time calmly. The ultimate arts of fighting is to win without fighting. If our true winning means spending our time calmly with others, the very core of martial arts is just being modest and altruistic.

April 24, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 65 老子:第六五章を読んで

小賢しく立ち回ろうとすれば,やがて確執が生まれる。外面的な見栄えを良くしようと振る舞えば,やがて内面的な本質は失われていく。人はつい,自分が他人より,少しでも得をしようとしたり,少しでも良く見られようとしたりする。人を出し抜こうとせず,内なる本質を尊ぶところに,本当の幸せと豊かさがある。過ぎたる我欲を捨てて,シンプルに生きる。武の技も,過剰や華美を廃したところに本質がある。シンプルさにこそ奥義が宿る。

If you act yourself artfully, then some discord will be created. If you behave yourself to appear externally attractive, then your own internal substance will be destroyed. We human beings unintentionally tend to gain even just a little more and show ourselves even just a little better than others. Trying not to outdo others but to value internal substance will lead to true happiness and fullness. Let go of too much greed for yourself and live your life simply. As for techniques of martial arts, you can find its real substance after letting go of excess and gorgeousness. The secrets dwell just in simplicity.

April 18, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 64 老子:第六四章を読んで

事の起こりに気づく。早めに気づけば,容易に対応できるし,選択肢も増える。気づかずそのままにしておけば,やがて事は大きくなる。そうなれば,対応するのに手間が一層かかるし,選択肢も限られてくる。何事も,事の起こりは微かである。その微かな変化に気づくかどうか。武術稽古は,この微細な変化への気づきを磨く。状況や他者へ五感を働かせ,自己の内面の感覚を研ぎ澄ます。そうすれば,人目に立つような大きな事を殊更にすることはなくなる。

Be aware of the initial rise of a thing. If you are aware of it early, you can deal with it easily and choose between more alternatives. If you leave it as it is without awareness, it eventually will become bigger and worse. When it becomes so, you will have to cope with it by special effort, and choose between limited choices. The initial rise of everything is subtle. The important thing is to be aware of the subtle change. Martial arts practice is to cultivate this awareness of the subtle change. Understand outside situations and others around you through the five senses, and heighten sensitivity to your inside. Then, you will not have to do any big and distinct thing purposely.

April 13, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 63 老子:第六三章を読んで

無為とは,一つ一つの物事に対して,丁寧に大切に向き合うことである。やたらに手を出したり,いい加減に応じたりすると,やがて手に負えない難事となる。そうならないために,タオの人は小さなことでも易しいことでも,丁寧に大切に行う。だからまるで何もしていないように見える。タオに通じる武道家の周りが,難事に至らず平和を保てるのは,常にマインドフルに注意を四方に払い,物事を丁寧に大切に扱うからである。つまり,それは禅である。

Wo Wei (Mu-i in Japanese), which literally means doing nothing, means facing everything one by one carefully and mindfully. Doing with a thing in a catch-as-catch-can manner or coping with it in a slapdash way would eventually make itself a difficulty beyond control. In order to evade it, people of the Tao would do carefully and mindfully with even little or easy things. So they look like they are doing nothing. The reason that peace around a Budo-ka connected to the Tao is maintained without difficulties is that he/she always pays attention to all directions in a mindful manner, and deals with things carefully and mindfully. In short, this is Zen.

April 06, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 62 老子:第六二章を読んで

タオは,あらゆる人,あらゆるものとつながっている。善人も悪人も,タオとつながっている。善人と悪人を分けるのは,タオとつながっていることを知っているかどうかである。同様に,あらゆる人,あらゆるものに仏は宿っている。仏陀と凡夫を分けるのは,仏が宿っていることを知っているかどうかである。ただ,タオも仏も,実践し続けなければ見失ってしまう。武道家は,武術稽古によって,「貴き宝」であるそれを丁寧に大切に実践し続ける。

The Tao is connected to everyone and everything. Both good and evil people are connected to the Tao. The point to separate good and evil people is whether they realize they are connected to the Tao or not. Similarly, Buddha-nature exists in everyone and everything. The point to separate awakened and ordinary ones is whether they realize they have Buddha-nature within themselves or not. But, if any of us does not continue to practice Taoism or Buddhism, he/she will lost sight of the Tao or Buddha-nature within him/her. Budo-ka continue to practice it as "sacred treasure" carefully and mindfully through the training of martial arts.

April 02, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 61 老子:第六一章を読んで

「稔るほど頭を垂れる稲穂かな」ということわざがある。あるいは「能ある鷹は爪を隠す」でも良い。豊かな者や強い者が謙虚であれば,その世界(社会)には争いは起こらず,平和と調和がもたらされる。中途半端に豊かな者がその豊かさを誇ろうとし,中途半端に強い者がその強さを誇ろうとする。だから,真に豊かで真に強い者は,極めて謙虚である。だからこそ真の武道家は,その術を練れば練るほど,ますます弱く静かになるのである。

There is a saying that "the boughs that bear most hang lowest." Besides, we can say that "a skilled hawk hides its talons (the person who knows most often speaks least)." If the abundant and strong were humble, struggles would not happen and peace and harmony would be brought about in the world (society) around them. Moderately rich persons will be proud of their richness, while moderately strong persons will be proud of their strength. Then, truly rich or truly strong persons are extremely humble. Therefore, concerning true Budo-ka, the more they practice their arts, the weaker and softer they becomes.

March 25, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 60 老子:第六〇章を読んで

何事も焦って早くやろうとしたり強引にやろうとしたりすると,上手くいかない。かえって状況が悪化したり,結果が芳しくなかったりする。人事を尽くし,天命を待つ。待てずにあれこれやればやるほど,かえって場の流れは悪くなる。場の本来の流れを感受し,押しすぎず引きすぎず,ちょうど良い中庸でもって事を進めていく。敵を制するときも同じである。早く決着しようとしたり強引に抑えようとしたりしてあれこれやれば,かえって手間取ることになる。

No matter what situation, we can not do it well whenever we intend to do it in a hurry or by force. Rather, the situation would get worse or the result would become poor. There is a saying that "Do what you can do and then wait for the will of Heaven." The more we do this or that when we can't wait for it, the worse the flow of the situation around us becomes. We should sense the natural flow of the situation around us, not push nor pull it, but go with it on the right middle way. This is the same to getting control over enemies. If we did this or that in order to end it in a hurry or control them by force, we actually would take more trouble than before.

March 21, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 59 老子:第五九章を読んで

無駄を削ぎ落としていったところに真理がある。武術もそうだが人生もまたそうである。あれが食べたいこれが着たいという欲望は,無駄なことが多い。美味いものや珍しいものを食べたい,綺麗なものや特別なものを着たいと思うとき,本当にそれは人生において必要なのかを問うと良い。名誉や評価も同じである。無駄なものを捨てていった最後に本質だけが残る。それが人間存在の真理である。武術も人生も,真理に触れた人は強い。

A truth appears after scraping off all wastes. This fact applies to not only martial arts but also life. Desires to eat that or to wear this are often worthless. When you want to eat something delicious or rare, when you want to wear something beautiful or special, you should ask yourself whether it is really necessary for your life or not. This is the same to the fame and reputation given to you. An essence remains behind abandoning all wastes. That is the truth of human existence. Concerning martial arts as well as life, people who have gotten to the truth are strong.

March 14, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 58 老子:第五八章を読んで

陰と陽は流転する。善と悪もまた相対的である。だから何事も一面的に裁いたり,断じたりせず,自然の流れを見極める必要がある。無理に正そうとしたり,通そうとしたりすれば,反発が起こる。強引に押すから強引に押し返される。力勝負となれば,体力筋力のある者がいつかは勝つ。武術とは,陰陽の流転を感得し,相手の力と調和して,相手の敵意を中和する術である。そうすれば,たとえ不利な条件でも,しなやかに流れることができる。

Yin and Yang are ever-changing alternately. Good and evil are also relative to each other. Then, it is necessary to not judge nor determine anything one-sidedly but assess the flow of the nature. If you forcibly put something right or push your own interests, you will face opposition. Pushing by force yields pushing back by force. In a competition in power, people who have more physical and muscular strength eventually would win. Martial arts are skills or techniques to feel the flow of Yin and Yang, harmonize with the opponent's power, and neutralize his/her hostility. Doing in that way would enable you to flow flexibly even if you were under a disadvantageous condition. 

March 10, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 57 老子:第五七章を読んで

何かをすれば,何かが起こる。ただ自ずと「なる」のではなく,自ら「する」ということは,作為である。作為ですれば,作為で返ってくる。その作為に「私」が絡めば,「私」が絡んで返ってくる。だから何かをするにしてもせめてそこに「私」を絡めてはいけない。仮に「私」が相手に優ろうとすると,相手の「私」も優ろうとする。そこに争いが生まれる。「私」がしなければ,向こうの「私」もしない。そこに和が生まれる。これが武の奥義である。

If we do something, something happens. It is intentional that we will not be naturally made to do something, but voluntarily do something. When we do something intentionally, we will be given something in return by intentional minds. When our intentional minds are accompanied with our "self (I, ego)," something with others' "self (I, ego)" will come back to us. Therefore, even if we voluntarily do something, we should not do it at least with our "self (I, ego)." If "I" tried to be superior to a person, he/she would try to be superior to "me." There happens conflicts. If my "I" did not do anything, his/her "I" would not do anything too. There happens harmony. This is a secret of martial arts.

March 01, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 56 老子:第五六章を読んで


タオと禅につながる武道家は,無駄なことはしゃべらない。無駄にしゃべれば,災いを生む。我々はつい,「私」にこだわるために,何かを言いたくなる。それは欲求であり,不平であり,虚栄である。武道家であれば,災いを避け,静かに生きる。極力欲を手放し,なるべく目立たず,できるだけシンプルに生きる。それはまるで空気のごとく,そこにあってそこにない存在である。「私」へのこだわりを捨てるから,「私」はもうそこにはいない。

Budo-ka, who are connected with the Tao and Zen, do not say unnecessary things. Unnecessary words will lead to evils. We human beings unintentionally tend to be attached to our "self (I)" and then be tempted to say something. These are desires, complaints, or vanities. Budo-ka would stay away from evils, and live a calm and quiet life. They would let go of as much desires of theirs as possible, keep as modest as possible, and live as simply as possible. They are there but not there, almost as if they are something like air. Their "self (I)" is no longer there since they left the attachment to their "self (I)."

February 24, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 55 老子:第五五章を読んで

赤ん坊は,腹が減れば減った分だけ泣き,満足すれば泣き止む。必要以上に泣いたり,必要以上に食べたりしない。これは野生動物も同じである。必要以上に動けば,体力を無駄に消耗するし,必要以上に食べれば,太って動きが鈍り,生命が危ぶまれる。何事も必要以上にしなければ,常に最適な状態でいられる。そうすれば,いざというときに最大限の力を発揮できる。武道家であれば,常に備えておく必要がある。だから,必要以上のことはしない。

Babies cry as mush as they are hungry, and stop crying when they are full. They do not cry and eat too much. This is the same with wildlife. If they act more than necessary, they will exhaust themselves wastefully, and if they eat more than necessary, they will not be able to move fast because of their heavy weight, and that will increase the risk of death. If you do not do too much in everything, you can be always in the best condition. It will enable you to demonstrate the maximum ability at a critical moment. If you are Budo-ka, you must be constantly prepared. Therefore, Budo-ka would not do more than necessary.

February 19, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 54 老子:第五四章を読んで

真に武道家であれば,タオや禅とつながっている。武道家が武道家たる心根で日々を生きれば,その家族もまたタオと禅につながる。その武道家が集団の長となれば,その集団もまたタオと禅につながる。そうしてしっかりと根っこからタオと禅につながっていれば,何が起ころうと倒れることはない。武道とは生き様である。武道家らしく生きるとは,何事にも動ぜず,タオに従い,ただ禅を実践することである。それが安心感となってやがて周りに浸透する。

If a person was a truly Budo-ka, he/she would be connected with the Tao and Zen. When Budo-ka lives his/her everyday life with Budo-ka's mind, his/her family members also will be connected with the Tao and Zen. When the Budo-ka becomes the leader of a group, the group members also will be connected with the Tao and Zen. In this way, if we are firmly rooted or grounded in the Tao and Zen, we would never fall down whatever happens. Budo is a kind of attitude to life. Living life as Budo-ka means being unmoved by anything, following the Tao, and just only practicing Zen. This attitude and behavior will cause a sense of ease, which will penetrate into those around the Budo-ka.

February 13, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 53 老子:第五三章を読んで

武術の真髄は,地味で単純である。例えば単純な突きをただひたすら磨くのが,武の極みである。だが人はつい,その単純さに耐えられず,あるいは,それでは足りないのではないかと不安になり,あれこれと習いたくなる。目の前に広く拓ける平坦な道をただひたすら歩けば良いのに,脇道に逸れてあれこれと身に付けたくなる。ただ,そうして迷うのもまた人間である。大切なのは,華美な脇道は肥やしと自覚し,平坦で地味な本道に何度も戻ることである。

The quintessence of martial arts is plainness and simpleness. For example, entirely polishing how to give a simple punch is the height of martial arts. But we human beings can not bear up under the simpleness nor feel easy at the idea that it is not enough, and then we unintentionally get the urge to learn this, that and the other. Even though the best is only to walk entirely on the plain way which is broadly open in front of you, we are often tempted to take a lot of things on side roads. But, it is human beings that wander in that way. The important thing is to realize that jazzy side roads are just nourishment, and return to the plain and simple main road again and again.

February 07, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 52 老子:第五二章を読んで

大いなるタオに気づけば,表層的な「私」から発せられるどんな欲望も,詮なきものに見えてくる。名声や富や支配を求めて外ばかりを向いていれば,欲は永遠に尽きない。欲を追いかけ続けても,永遠に本当の「自己」を知ることはない。むしろ内なる微細な心身の感覚へとマインドフルに意識を研ぎ澄ますことが,無限に広く深い自己を知る機会となる。その自己はタオとつながっている。武の道とは,そうやってタオを知り,タオに従う道である。

If you become aware of the great Tao, you will think of any desires generated by superficial "I" as worthless. If you look only outward in search of fame, wealth, and dominance, desires will never end. As long as you continue to seek after your desires, you would not know the real your "self" forever. Rather, focusing mindfully on the inside minute sensations of your mind and body will open an opportunity to feel the boundlessly broad and deep self. The self is linked with the Tao. The martial way is the one in which we know and follow the Tao in that manner.


January 30, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 51 老子:第五一章を読んで

老子は,世界の根源であるタオの働きを「徳」と呼ぶ。だから,タオに従って行動する人を徳のある人と呼ぶ。徳のある人は,ただタオにしたがって無為自然に事を成しているだけだから,ことさらそれを自慢したり,所有したり,支配したりしない。そういう執着から離れてただ在る。まさしく禅である。ただ在る人は,執着がないから強い。執着は迷いを生み,隙を作り,やがて自滅を招く。それが作為による自滅である。自然に在れば,自滅しない。

Lao Tsu stated that the function of the Tao, which is the source of the world, was named the "Te (toku)." Then, he referred to people who follow the Tao as those who have the Te (toku). Those who have the Te just do things in an unintentional and natural way along the Tao, and then they do not intend to boast, hold, nor dominate them on purpose. They are just being there without these attachments. This is just Zen. Those who are just being there are strong because they have no attachments. Attachments generate delusions, cause carelessness, and eventually lead to self-destruction. This is self-destruction caused by artificiality. When you are being naturally, you do not destruct yourself.

January 25, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 50 老子:第五〇章を読んで

「君子危うきに近寄らず」というように,武道家ならば,予め危険を察知して不要な争いに巻き込まれないように,事前に危険を避けて通る。ましてや,「私」自ら力を誇示してわざわざ無益な争いを起こすことはしない。ある人の行いに対して私憤や公憤に駆られることもある。しかし,「私」がわざわざそれを正さなくても,この世はタオに従っているので,その人は巡り巡って報いを受ける。こうして「私」に執着しなければ,争いとは無縁になる。

There is a saying "a wise man keeps away from danger," and then Budo-ka would predict and avoid danger beforehand in order not to be embroiled in unnecessary conflicts. Still more, they would not display their power on their own will nor stir up an unworthy fight on purpose. In some cases, we become furious privately or publicly at what a person does. However, "we" need not to bother righting it, but instead, the person will pay for it later as a saying that "what goes around, comes around," because the world follows the Tao. Therefore, if we are not attached to "ourselves," we will be free from conflicts.

January 19, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 49 老子:第四九章を読んで

私利私欲をもって人に接すれば,その人は自分が損しないようにと身構える。好き嫌いをもって人に接すれば,敵を作る機会が生じる。だから集団の長となる者は,私利私欲や好き嫌いで成員に接しない方が良い。我々はもともと自分を利するようにできているし,好きな人もいれば嫌いな人もいる。しかし,無心となって無我となって振る舞おうとする態度と行動が,集団に平穏を生む。そこに争いはない。これも一つの無手勝流,武の極意である。

If you interacted with people only in your self-interest, they would guard themselves from suffering a loss. If you interacted with people in a partial manner, some of them would become enemies to you. Therefore, a person who is a leader of a group should not interact with the group members in his/her self-interest nor in a partial manner. We human beings have a natural disposition to benefit ourselves, and there are not only people who we like but also those who we dislike. However, the attitude and act to behave without intention and selfishness leads to calmness in the group. There are not conflicts in that group. This is one of Mutekatsu-ryu, which is a secret of martial arts.

January 15, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 48 老子:第四八章を読んで

普通,我々は,様々な面で知識を増やそうと努力をする。武術についても然りである。普通,武術を習い始めた者が,使える技を増やしたい,多様な技を操りたい,と思うのはごく自然である。そうして,習う技や形(型)が増えていく。しかし,ある段階を越えた武術家はやがて稽古する技や形(型)の種類が減っていく。その武術・流派の原理原則へと収束していく。それでいてその武術・流派を体現する。タオや禅に従えば,自ずとそうなる。

Usually, we human beings make efforts to increase our knowledge of various areas. It is true of martial arts, too. Usually, It is really natural that people who have begun practicing martial arts would think that they want to increase the techniques they use and master a variety of movements. In that way, the number of techniques and katas we learn go on increasing. On the contrary, as for martial artists who have transcended a certain stage, the kind of techniques and katas they practice go on decreasing. They are focusing on the principles of the martial art or the school of the art. In parallel with that, they can embody the art or the school. Harmonizing with the Tao or Zen will naturally make them do that.

January 08, 2018

After Reading Lao Tsu: Chapter 47 老子:第四七章を読んで

我々は,何かを知らないでいることに不安を感じる。大事なことを見逃して損をするのではないかと恐れる。足りていないという幻想に駆られ,延々と情報を求め続ける。それはやがて過剰となり,今度はそれに翻弄されるようになる。しかし,タオと禅を知る武道家は,そうして不安と混乱から情報の海に飲まれることはない。なぜなら武道家は,陸から海を眺めているからである。本来,人のいる場所というのは,海の中ではない。陸の上である。

We are anxious about the fact that we do not know something nor other. We are afraid of losing by missing important things. The illusions that we might be unsatisfied drive us to seek for information persistently. We will soon do that excessively, and on the contrary, we will be tossed about by the excessive information. But, Budo-ka, who know the Tao and Zen, never be caught up in the sea of information due to such anxiety and confusion. It is because they view the sea from the land. Essentially, where we human beings should be is not in the sea, but on the land.