A Japanese psychologist and mindful martial artist, SHINTARO YUKAWA's personal essays on martial arts and ways as well as mindfulness, Zen and Tao, written both in Japanese and English. I will explore here the truth and quintessence of martial arts and ways, and hope you will know and share them. マインドフル・マーシャル・アーツ:禅とタオ (湯川進太郎・身体心理学)
December 22, 2018
After Reading Takuan: Part 18 不動智神妙録を読んで18
何か気になることや心配なことがあると,我々はついそれに注意が向いてしまい,他の物事に眼が行かなくなってしまう。仕事やスポーツのように,一点に集中すべきときにすべての意識をそこに注ぎ込むのは良い。しかし,そうでないときに何かに心が囚われていると,注意を即座に転換できず,何かが起きたときにすぐ対応できない。また,我々人間はそもそも,周囲の物事に対して,自分の興味関心に従って選択的に注意を向けている。なぜなら,認知的な処理資源には容量,つまり限界があるからである。気になることや心配なことは,注意をそこに固着してしまうのと同時に,この限られた認知的資源を消費してしまう。だから気にしないでおこうと心に思うのだが,その思い自体,認知的資源を使っていることになる。沢庵は,それにさえも使わないようにせよと助言する。そうすれば,限られた認知資源をフル活用できる。それこそが本当の意味での,無心の状態である。
When we are concerned or worried about something, we unintentionally pay attention to it, and become blind to the other things. It is not problematic to devote all of our attention to a point we should concentrate on, like jobs and sports. But otherwise, if we are attached to something, we could not switch our attention quickly and cope with happenings rapidly. In addition, we human beings primarily pay selective attention to things around us according to our own interests. It is because there is a capacity or limitation in our cognitive processing resources. Something concerned or worried makes us not only stuck to it but also expend the limited cognitive resources on it. So, we have an idea that we should not be concerned or worried, but the idea itself consumes the cognitive resources. Takuan advised not expending the cognitive resources on even the idea. If so, we can make full use of the limited resources. That is the true meaning of the state of mushin (no-mindedness).
December 12, 2018
After Reading Takuan: Part 17 不動智神妙録を読んで17
よく「無心になって」とか「無我の境地で」と言うが,我々人間は生きている限り無(ゼロ)になることはない。沢庵は,石や木のように心や私が無いわけではない,と例える。心の中では常に何かが巡り,私は私として厳然とここに在ると感じることに変わりはない。しかし,その心の中に巡る何かに囚われないことを無心と言い,私に囚われないことを無我と言う。囚われないとは,こだわらないことである。こだわらなければ,自在に動くことができる。そうやって何かへのこだわりを一切捨てることがマインドフルな状態であり,禅の目指すところである。それはまさに無為自然な状態と言えよう。作為なく自在に動くことができれば,千変万化する状況の中,水のごとく臨機応変に振る舞うことができるようになる。一方で,あらゆるこだわりを捨てていくことで,やがて欲が減り,結果的に苦も減っていく。つまりストレスが低減していく。これがブッダの示した方法である。
We often hear "have no-mindedness" or "be in a state of selflessness," but we human beings cannot become nothing (zero) as long as we are alive. Takuan used a metaphor that we are not like a stone or tree which has no mind or no self. There are always some things wandering in our mind, while we constantly feel that we clearly exist here as ourselves. But, to be free from things wandering in our mind is called mu-shin (no-mind), and to be free from ourselves is called mu-ga (no-self). To be free is to be not attached. Non-attachment allows us to move freely. In this way, to leave all what we are attached to is to be mindful, or the aim of Zen. It can be exactly said to be unintentional and natural. If we can move unintentionally and freely, we could behave flexibly like water in ever-changing situations. On the other hand, throwing all of attachments away leads to decrease of desires, which results in decrease of sufferings. That is to say, reduction of stress. This is the method Buddha presented.
We often hear "have no-mindedness" or "be in a state of selflessness," but we human beings cannot become nothing (zero) as long as we are alive. Takuan used a metaphor that we are not like a stone or tree which has no mind or no self. There are always some things wandering in our mind, while we constantly feel that we clearly exist here as ourselves. But, to be free from things wandering in our mind is called mu-shin (no-mind), and to be free from ourselves is called mu-ga (no-self). To be free is to be not attached. Non-attachment allows us to move freely. In this way, to leave all what we are attached to is to be mindful, or the aim of Zen. It can be exactly said to be unintentional and natural. If we can move unintentionally and freely, we could behave flexibly like water in ever-changing situations. On the other hand, throwing all of attachments away leads to decrease of desires, which results in decrease of sufferings. That is to say, reduction of stress. This is the method Buddha presented.
December 04, 2018
After Reading Takuan: Part 16 不動智神妙録を読んで16
道家の極意は水である。なぜなら,水はタオに最も近いからである。どんなところへも流れていき,何かがあれば柔らかく変化して躱していく。しかし,いったん塊となれば強大な力を瞬間的に発揮し,また,一滴一滴の力は長い年月をかけて固い岩をも穿つ。山の泉は川となり,やがて大海へと至る。さらには,環境に応じて液体にも固体にも気体にもなる。臨機応変・自由自在に変化して,いついかなる状況にもしなやかに対応する。沢庵の説くところでは,水は水でも,氷(固体)のままではいけない。氷のままでは固まってしまって,いざというときに身動きが取れないからである。だから液体である水のごとく,千変万化な状況に応じる心が,仏家・禅家の狙うところとなる。広げて言えば,水でも氷でも水蒸気でも,環境に応じて在れば何だって良い。何かである必要はない。何かであらねばならないと思う心もまた,我々を居着かせる。そこをも離れてこそ,本当の無為自然である。
The secret of Taoists is water. It is because water is the nearest to the Tao. Water flows to anywhere, and evades anything softly and flexibly. But, if it becomes a mass, it will demonstrate a mighty power in a moment, while the power of drops of water will wear a hard stone spending a long time. Springs in mountains become a river and eventually reach to the sea. In addition, it changes into a liquid, solid, or gas according to environment. It changes resourcefully and freely, and then cope with any situations elastically. Takuan explained, water should be water, not be ice. Remaining ice means being so solid that we can not move quickly in time of need. Therefore, the aim of Buddhists or Zen Buddhists is to have a mind of coping with ever-changing situations like liquid water. In a broad sense, it would be all right if it exists in accordance with circumstances, as water, ice, or vapor. It does not need to be something. The mind to think that we have to be something also makes us attached to it. Just leaving even it is being truly unintentional and natural.
The secret of Taoists is water. It is because water is the nearest to the Tao. Water flows to anywhere, and evades anything softly and flexibly. But, if it becomes a mass, it will demonstrate a mighty power in a moment, while the power of drops of water will wear a hard stone spending a long time. Springs in mountains become a river and eventually reach to the sea. In addition, it changes into a liquid, solid, or gas according to environment. It changes resourcefully and freely, and then cope with any situations elastically. Takuan explained, water should be water, not be ice. Remaining ice means being so solid that we can not move quickly in time of need. Therefore, the aim of Buddhists or Zen Buddhists is to have a mind of coping with ever-changing situations like liquid water. In a broad sense, it would be all right if it exists in accordance with circumstances, as water, ice, or vapor. It does not need to be something. The mind to think that we have to be something also makes us attached to it. Just leaving even it is being truly unintentional and natural.
November 25, 2018
After Reading Takuan: Part 15 不動智神妙録を読んで15
武術は,形(型)を練ることが稽古の本体である。形を練ることで古の偉大なる武人達の身体を今この瞬間に再体験しながら,我が身を武術的身体へと変えていくのが武術本来の修行である。この中で,例えば,突く動作をするときに拳にだけ意識を向けてはいけない。突くという動作は,足先から頭の先まで全身が全体として動作して初めて成立する。こうして全身を意識し,連動する身体を感じながら練ることで,突き一つの修行となる。形には,その連動性のメカニズムが詰まっている。古の武人による身体知の結晶であり,これを丁寧に象ることで武術的身体となっていく。だから稽古では,内なる身体という宇宙へと意識を向ける。どこにも意識を止めることなく,かつ,どこにも意識を向けていく。こういう稽古を地道に続けることで,やがて自然に,意識が凝らない柔らかな状態になっていく。すると,日常生活も同じく,意識の凝らない柔らかな心持ちになっていく。これが武道である。
In martial arts, practicing Kata is the true form of its training. It is the original practice of martial arts that is, through practicing Kata, to experience the body of ancient great masters at the present moment and change our own body into the body of martial arts. In doing this, for example, we must not focus on only the fist when we do an act of punching. The act of punching can not be executed before the whole body from top to toe works totally. In this way, being aware of the whole body and practicing kata by feeling the coordinating body refines the training of a punch. Kata contains various mechanisms of the body coordination. Kata is the embodiment of somatic knowledge cultivated by ancient martial artists, and tracing it carefully enables our body to become marital gradually. Therefore, in the practice of martial arts, focus attention to the cosmos of the inner body. But, never keep consciousness on anywhere, while distribute consciousness over everywhere. Consistently continuing such practice as this leads naturally to the softer state in which we have a consciousness attached to nothing. Then, similarly in everyday life, your mind will become soft and non-attached. This is Budo.
In martial arts, practicing Kata is the true form of its training. It is the original practice of martial arts that is, through practicing Kata, to experience the body of ancient great masters at the present moment and change our own body into the body of martial arts. In doing this, for example, we must not focus on only the fist when we do an act of punching. The act of punching can not be executed before the whole body from top to toe works totally. In this way, being aware of the whole body and practicing kata by feeling the coordinating body refines the training of a punch. Kata contains various mechanisms of the body coordination. Kata is the embodiment of somatic knowledge cultivated by ancient martial artists, and tracing it carefully enables our body to become marital gradually. Therefore, in the practice of martial arts, focus attention to the cosmos of the inner body. But, never keep consciousness on anywhere, while distribute consciousness over everywhere. Consistently continuing such practice as this leads naturally to the softer state in which we have a consciousness attached to nothing. Then, similarly in everyday life, your mind will become soft and non-attached. This is Budo.
November 16, 2018
After Reading Takuan: Part 14 不動智神妙録を読んで14
心をどこか一点に止めず,広い視野と柔らかい足腰を持つ。これは何も敵と対峙した戦いの場のみに限らない。日常生活や仕事の場でも,その場の状況を取り巻く様々な物事や人間関係への目配りを怠らないことが大切である。もちろん,余所事に気を取られず,今まさに目の前のやるべきことに集中することが第一である。ただ,そうありつつも,そこから全く離れられなくなってはいけない。それは「居着き」と呼ばれ,武術では戒められる。注力すべきところに集中しつつも常に鳥瞰的な感度は保ち,何かあればいつでもそこを離脱できる用意をしておく。事も人も,様々な何かとつながり,常に変化している。想像力と感受性でもって,できる限り場を広く捉え,つながりと変化を見極める。もちろん上手くいかないことも,失敗することもある。しかしそれでも広い視野と柔らかい足腰を保てば,事態はやがて好転するにちがいない。下手や失敗を悔い続けることもまた,「居着き」である。
We should not fix our mind to a point somewhere, but have a comprehensive perspective and soft footwork. This is not limited especially within a situation of confronting enemies. Even in the cases of both daily and professional situations, it is important to keep a watchful eye over various things and interpersonal relations around the present situations. Of course, the first thing is to concentrate on what you have to do in front of you at present, without being distracted by the other things. But, when doing so, you must not getting unable to leave from what you do at present. That is called "itsuki," which is cautioned in martial arts. Not only focus on what you should pour efforts on, but also always keep a bird's eye sensitivity and be ready to get detached from it whenever something happens. Both occurrences and humans are related to various things and ever changing. With imagination and sensitivity, grasp the situation as broadly as possible and find out both the relationships and changes. Of course, sometimes it doesn't go well, and sometimes it come to no good. But then, if you have a comprehensive perspective and soft footwork, the situation must get better soon. To continue regretting your poorness and failure in the past is also "itsuki."
We should not fix our mind to a point somewhere, but have a comprehensive perspective and soft footwork. This is not limited especially within a situation of confronting enemies. Even in the cases of both daily and professional situations, it is important to keep a watchful eye over various things and interpersonal relations around the present situations. Of course, the first thing is to concentrate on what you have to do in front of you at present, without being distracted by the other things. But, when doing so, you must not getting unable to leave from what you do at present. That is called "itsuki," which is cautioned in martial arts. Not only focus on what you should pour efforts on, but also always keep a bird's eye sensitivity and be ready to get detached from it whenever something happens. Both occurrences and humans are related to various things and ever changing. With imagination and sensitivity, grasp the situation as broadly as possible and find out both the relationships and changes. Of course, sometimes it doesn't go well, and sometimes it come to no good. But then, if you have a comprehensive perspective and soft footwork, the situation must get better soon. To continue regretting your poorness and failure in the past is also "itsuki."
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