February 28, 2014

Criticism 批判

本物の武道家は,修行をすればするほど,他の武道家・武術家を批評しなくなる。修行の段階が上がれば上がるほど,他の武道家の術の具合やレベルについて批判的な言説をしなくなる。人の術を批評・批判している暇があれば,自身の術を磨く方が良い。合気道家である内田樹氏がその著書『修業論』の中で,氏の師匠である多田宏氏がかつて語った話を述懐している。多田氏は,他人の術を批判して自分の術が上達するならいくらでもするけれど,上達するわけではないのだから批判するだけ無駄だ,というようなことを言ったそうである。まさしくその通りである。他の武道家の術が気になるということは,自己の術と他者の術を比較しているということである。自己の術の「正しさ」を確信したい思いの裏返しとして,他者の術の「間違い(だと思えるところ)」に注意が向く。人はつい自他を比較してしまう動物である。その比較検討を基に自分の中だけで創意工夫する糧とするならば何ら問題ない。しかし,その差異をただ単に批判的に公に表明するのは,武道家としてあまり美しいとは言えない。そうした自他間の巧拙や優劣というモノサシを越えたところを目指すのが武道修行の本質であることを思えば,他の武道家の間違いなど,そもそもどうでもよいことのはずである。むしろ逆に,自身の術を常に批判的に捉え,改良改善に工夫を重ねることこそ本筋である。このあまりにも当たり前な真意に気づけば,必然的な帰結として,他の武道家を公に批評・批判できなくなる。自身を含め,あの武道家のあの術は間違っていると言っているようでは,武道家としてまだまだである。

As for real budo-ka, the more they practice, the less they criticize other budo-ka and martial artists. The more the stage of their own cultivation is raised up, the less they have a critical statement about the condition or level of other budo-ka's skills. If we have time to criticize or evaluate others' skills, we should polish our own skills at that time. Tatsuru Uchida, who is an aikido-ka, wrote reminiscently in his book "Shugyo-ron" (essay on practice) about a thought that his master Hiroshi Tada had told to him. It seems that Tada said, though he would criticize others as much as he liked if the criticism had helped him improve his skills, actually it was worthless to criticize others because it did not help. That's exactly right. Being concerned with other Budo-ka's skills is comparing your own skills to others' ones. We focus on the "wrongness (we think)" of others' skills, only because we want to firmly believe in the "correctness" of our own skills. Human beings are by nature animals who compare themselves with others. If the comparison is used for improving our own skills personally and originally, it may never be problematic. But, simply expressing the differences derived from the comparison critically and publicly is not said to be very praised as budo-ka. Given that it is the essence of budo practice to pursue the state that is beyond the level of being concerned about good-or-bad or superiority-or-inferiority between ourselves and others, we primarily should never mind the wrongness of others. Rather, the appropriate thing to do is just to continuously thinking about our own skills in a critical way and then improve or better them more and more. When we find ourselves realizing this extremely self-evident truth, as a necessary consequence, we will not be able to criticize other budo-ka in public. Whenever we, of course including me, say that these skills of that budo-ka are wrong, we are far from a master of budo.

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