April 09, 2013

Core Essence of Karate

空手という沖縄発祥の伝統的な武術には,数え切れないほど多種多様な流派がある。伝承する形がその流派の特徴を示すが,それは,何という形を伝承しているかのみならず,その形を構成する一つ一つの技の理合も多くの場合は異なる。ただその中でも,首里手のエッセンスを凝縮したナイファンチ,那覇手のエッセンスを凝縮したサンチンは,多くの流派に伝承されている。しかし,そのナイファンチあるいはサンチン一つをとっても,流派によって,また,師によって,技術論・身体論は異なる。では,空手という武術には,流派を越えた核となる技術,すなわち,これこそが空手である,という共通した身体操作の技術はないのだろうか。答えは,ないともあるとも言える。空手は,身体を通した技術の伝承であり,当然,一人一人の身体は異なるので,伝承の過程を経て変容することは避けられない。つまり100%のコピーということは物理的にあり得ない。ここに,伝承する側と伝承される側の乖離が生じる。流派はここから生じる。しかし,ある一定の効果を持ちうる空手独自の技術は,伝承する側と伝承される側の弛まぬ努力と工夫によって,一定のものが保たれることになる。この一定のものこそが空手の核となるエッセンスであり,この目には見えないけれども伝承者(修行者)の身体の中でおぼろげに感じられるものが,沖縄発祥の伝統武術,空手である。もし仮にそのエッセンスが伝承されていなければ,それは空手ではない。

Karate, the traditional martial art that originated in Okinawa, includes innumerable variety of ryuhas (schools). Though katas that have been passed down characterize the ryuha, the fact does not only means that a ryuha passes down any specific katas, but also that in many cases there are differences in the theories of each techniques constructing these katas. Among these various katas, however, both naifanchi into which is condensed the essence of shuri-te and sanchin into which is condensed the essence of naha-te have been passed down in a lot of schools. But, the theories of techniques or body movements concerning even these naifanchi and sanchin are different among not only ryuhas but also masters in a certain ryuha. If so, in this martial art karate, are't there any core techniques across ryuhas, or common techniques of body manipulation such that "this is karate," are there? The answer is no and yes. Karate is the succession of techniques through body, and as a matter of course, each person's body is different from each one, then, it is inevitable that the techniques will change through the process of succession. In other words, it is physically impossible to copy 100% of the techniques or skills completely. Here occurs the divergence between teachers, those who pass down and students, those who are passed down. From this, ryuhas branch off. But, the techniques original with karate enable to have certain effects toward an opponent are maintained at a certain constant level by steady efforts and ideas of those who both pass and are passed them down. These specific things are just the essences central to karate, and things that the successors (practitioners) can not see but feel vaguely in their own body are karate, the martial art originating in Okinawa. If your master (teacher) did not pass down the essences, that is not karate.

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