仕事や家庭で,何か問題が起こったとする。その問題は問題として目の前に現れているが,その問題を生み出している原因がすべて目に見えるとは限らない。何か悩みを相談されたとする。その悩みは悩みとして語られるれども,その悩みを作りだしている原因は,当人がすべて分かっているとは限らない。問題や悩みそのものばかりに気を取られれば,本質が見えず,なんら解決に至らない。本質を見極めるためには全体を俯瞰しなければならない。沢庵は,心を放て,という言葉を引く。心を放つことで,問題や悩みを多角的多面的に捉えることができる。それは水のごとく柔らかく心を遊ばせることである。水のごとく柔らかくしておけば,偏った見方や考えに染まることはない。取り組むべき一点に全力で集中する力はもちろん大切である。ただそこから自在に離れる術も身に付けておかなければ,一つの考えに囚われる,一面的にしか見えていない,ということもあると心得ておくべきである。
Something wrong happens at work or family-life. That problem appears in front of you as "a problem," but you can not necessarily see all reasons to cause the problem. Someone consults with you about his/her trouble. That trouble are talked to you as "a trouble," but he/she can not necessarily know all reasons to cause the trouble. If your attention are caught by only the problem or trouble itself, you would not be able to see the essence and reach any solution. If you want to grasp the essence, you need to overlook the whole. Takuan quoted the words "let the mind go." Letting the mind go enables you to grasp the problems or troubles multidirectionally and multifacetedly. It is similar to letting the mind wander softly like water. If you keep your mind soft like water, you would never be caught by biased viewpoints or thoughts. The ability to focus all of your power on a point to deal with is, of course, important. But, remember that if you do not have a skill to leave from it freely, you often would be stuck to one thought or would see it only from one side.
A Japanese psychologist and mindful martial artist, SHINTARO YUKAWA's personal essays on martial arts and ways as well as mindfulness, Zen and Tao, written both in Japanese and English. I will explore here the truth and quintessence of martial arts and ways, and hope you will know and share them. マインドフル・マーシャル・アーツ:禅とタオ (湯川進太郎・身体心理学)
February 07, 2019
February 03, 2019
After Reading Takuan: Part 23 不動智神妙録を読んで23
一切は空と知り,空なのだから,空へのこだわりを捨てよ。これが沢庵の言葉である。武術は元より,あらゆる営みにおいて,それに没入することが良い結果や好成績を収めることが多い。心理学では,この状態を「フロー」と言う。フローとは,仏教で言えば「三昧」に近い。すなわち,今ここのそれになりきった没我の状態を指す。ただ,この没我の状態は時に恍惚感や全能感を生むことがある。スポーツや仕事ならばこれで良い。しかし修行となると話が少し違ってくる。この恍惚感と全能感を悟りと勘違いすることは「魔境」と呼ばれ,禅では厳しく戒めている。魔境に至ることなく,今ここに在り続ける。そのためには常に観の目を保つことである。一切すべてを捨てつつ,しかし,我を忘れることはない。気づきをもって自由に在り続ける。何にも囚われることなく,今ここの営みにおいて,三昧へと至る。もしそれが修行であるならば,同時に覚めていなければならない。
Understand everything is Ku (vanity or emptiness), and throw away the attachment to Ku because everything is Ku. This is what Takuan stated. Concerning every activities as well as marital arts, being absorbed in it often results in good results or high performance. In psychology, this state is called "flow." Flow is near "san-mai" in Buddhism. That is, both means the state of self-effacement to be perfectly as here now. But, this state of self-effacement sometimes brings a feeling of ecstasy or omnipotence. This is all right in sports and jobs. But, it is a little bad in discipline. Mistaking these feelings of ecstasy and omnipotence for enlightenment is called "ma-kyo," which is strictly cautioned in Zen Buddhism. Do not go to ma-kyo, but remain existing here now. In order to be in that way, always keep the eye of open monitoring. Throw everything away, but do not forget yourself. Be freely here now with awareness. Not be attached to anything, attain san-mai in the here-now activity. If it is discipline, you need to be aware of it.
Understand everything is Ku (vanity or emptiness), and throw away the attachment to Ku because everything is Ku. This is what Takuan stated. Concerning every activities as well as marital arts, being absorbed in it often results in good results or high performance. In psychology, this state is called "flow." Flow is near "san-mai" in Buddhism. That is, both means the state of self-effacement to be perfectly as here now. But, this state of self-effacement sometimes brings a feeling of ecstasy or omnipotence. This is all right in sports and jobs. But, it is a little bad in discipline. Mistaking these feelings of ecstasy and omnipotence for enlightenment is called "ma-kyo," which is strictly cautioned in Zen Buddhism. Do not go to ma-kyo, but remain existing here now. In order to be in that way, always keep the eye of open monitoring. Throw everything away, but do not forget yourself. Be freely here now with awareness. Not be attached to anything, attain san-mai in the here-now activity. If it is discipline, you need to be aware of it.
January 29, 2019
After Reading Takuan: Part 22 不動智神妙録を読んで22
集中力は重要である。しかし,集中力だけでは限界がある。例えば,怒りの感情をうまくマネジメントしたいとする。人との関わりの中で,相手の落ち度や責任や悪意についての思考を燃料にして,我々の怒りは沸騰し続けてしまう。これをマインドフルネス的にしのごうとするならば,注意(意識)の方向を自分の呼吸に戻し,自分が今ここに在ることを確かめ,寄せては返す思考の波に飲み込まれないようにする。これが集中瞑想によって養おうとする集中力である。これはこれで相当の効果を発揮する。しかし,大波が何度も寄せてくれば,集中力はやがて限界を迎え,気づかない内に荒波にもまれてしまう。だから,気づきをもって波と私を観察する力が必要となる。沢庵の言葉でなぞらえれば,雀を目の前にして解き放たれた猫の様子を,落ち着いてじっくり縁側から眺めるかのようである。ただし,この観察力は集中力が基盤となって初めて養うことができる。ここの順序を間違えてはいけない。
Concentration is important. But, we can not exceed a limit only by concentration. For example, we want to manage our emotion of anger well. In interpersonal relationships, we tend to remain angry by thinking about an opponent's blame, responsibility, and malice. If we try to manage this feeling by mindfulness, we should direct attention back to our own breath, ascertain that we are here now, and keep being not caught up in the restless waves of thoughts. This is concentration cultivated by focused attention meditation. It exhibits a significant effect by itself. But, if big waves surge many times, our concentration would reach a limit sooner or later, and we would be unknowingly buffeted by the rough waves. Then, we need to have an ability to monitor the waves as well as ourselves with awareness. Compared to what Takuan stated, it is like looking out the window calmly and steadily at the released cat in front of a sparrow. But this ability to monitor openly can not be developed before gaining the ability to focus attention. Don't fail to follow this order.
Concentration is important. But, we can not exceed a limit only by concentration. For example, we want to manage our emotion of anger well. In interpersonal relationships, we tend to remain angry by thinking about an opponent's blame, responsibility, and malice. If we try to manage this feeling by mindfulness, we should direct attention back to our own breath, ascertain that we are here now, and keep being not caught up in the restless waves of thoughts. This is concentration cultivated by focused attention meditation. It exhibits a significant effect by itself. But, if big waves surge many times, our concentration would reach a limit sooner or later, and we would be unknowingly buffeted by the rough waves. Then, we need to have an ability to monitor the waves as well as ourselves with awareness. Compared to what Takuan stated, it is like looking out the window calmly and steadily at the released cat in front of a sparrow. But this ability to monitor openly can not be developed before gaining the ability to focus attention. Don't fail to follow this order.
January 25, 2019
After Reading Takuan: Part 21 不動智神妙録を読んで21
マインドフルネス瞑想(仏教瞑想)には,二側面あるいは二段階ある。それは止観,つまり,止行と観行のことであり,前者が集中瞑想(サマタ瞑想),後者が観察瞑想(ヴィパッサナー瞑想)に当たる。瞑想によって気づきを得ることが仏道の核心だとすれば,止と観をひたすら実践することが修行となる。このとき,まずは止行によって集中力を養う。具体的には呼吸に意識を向け続ける。この集中力を基盤として,呼吸のみならず身体全体へと意識を拡げていく。このとき,どこにも意識を止めることなく,身体全体を観察する。これが観行である。沢庵の言う「敬」とはまさに止行における心構えのことであり,いわば仏教瞑想の前半,あるいは基盤といえる。本質はさらにそこから観行へと移っていかなければならない。集中力は必要不可欠である。しかし,集中力だけでは世界を正しく捉えることはできない。バイアスのない観察力をもって世界を眺めてこそ,気づきを得ることができる。
Mindfulness meditation (Buddhism meditation) consists of two aspects or two steps. These are shikan; shi-gyo and kan-gyo, the former is focused attention meditation (samatha) and the latter open monitoring meditation (vipassana). Attaining awareness through meditation is the essence of Buddhism, and then their practice means executing shi and kan continuously. Here, the first thing they do is to develop concentration by shi-gyo. Concretely speaking, what they do is to continue directing consciousness on breathing. Based on this concentration, they would extend their consciousness to not only breathing but also all over the body. At this time, they should not be attached to anywhere, but monitor the whole body openly. This is kan-gyo. "Kei" stated by Takuan is just an attitude in shi-gyo, that is to say, the first half or the base of Buddhism meditation. Essentially, then they need to transfer from shi-gyo to kan-gyo. Concentration is indispensable. But, we can not understand the world in a right way only by concentration. Just observing the world with no bias enables us to attain awareness.
Mindfulness meditation (Buddhism meditation) consists of two aspects or two steps. These are shikan; shi-gyo and kan-gyo, the former is focused attention meditation (samatha) and the latter open monitoring meditation (vipassana). Attaining awareness through meditation is the essence of Buddhism, and then their practice means executing shi and kan continuously. Here, the first thing they do is to develop concentration by shi-gyo. Concretely speaking, what they do is to continue directing consciousness on breathing. Based on this concentration, they would extend their consciousness to not only breathing but also all over the body. At this time, they should not be attached to anywhere, but monitor the whole body openly. This is kan-gyo. "Kei" stated by Takuan is just an attitude in shi-gyo, that is to say, the first half or the base of Buddhism meditation. Essentially, then they need to transfer from shi-gyo to kan-gyo. Concentration is indispensable. But, we can not understand the world in a right way only by concentration. Just observing the world with no bias enables us to attain awareness.
January 08, 2019
After Reading Takuan: Part 20 不動智神妙録を読んで20
我々は普段,何かをしようと思って何かをする。例えば,手を上げようと思って手を上げる。戦いの場面であれば,敵を突こうと思って突く。切ろうと思って切る。しかし,沢庵はこれを戒める。何かをするとき,しようとさえ思わず,すでにしているその人こそその道の達人名人なのだと説く。しようという思いそれ自体が引っかかりとなって,自然で滑らかな動きを妨げることになる。実際,相手を強く突こうと思えば思うほど力みが出て,かえって強く突けない。だから,「突く」という作為的な意思なく突けていることが理想である。実は我々の身体も,本当は意思を必要としていない。手を上げようと思うごくわずか前に,すでに脳は手を上げる信号を発していることが,実験的に証明されている。我々は,自分自身の自由な意思のもとで手を動かしていると錯覚しているだけなのである。しようと思う意思(私)を手放していく。それが武道の目指すところであり,仏道の目指すところである。
We usually do something with the intention of doing it. For example, we raise our hand with the intention of raising it. In a case of fighting, we punch the enemy by the intention of punching him/her. We cut the enemy down by the intention of cutting him/her down. But, Takuan cautioned against this. He explained, it is a master or expert in the way who have done something with no intention when he/she must do it. The thought to intend to do itself is an obstacle, and prevents us from moving naturally and smoothly. Actually, the more strongly we want to punch an opponent, the more tense we become, and then we can not punch him/her strongly. Therefore, it is ideal to have punched him/her without an intentional thought to "punch." in reality, such intentional thought is not necessary for our soma. Researchers has found experimentally that our brain has generated a signal to raise the hand immediately before we have the thought to do it. We just have an illusion to make ourselves think that we move our hand of our own free will. Let go of the will (or "I") to intend to do something. That is the aim of Budo as well as Buddhism.
We usually do something with the intention of doing it. For example, we raise our hand with the intention of raising it. In a case of fighting, we punch the enemy by the intention of punching him/her. We cut the enemy down by the intention of cutting him/her down. But, Takuan cautioned against this. He explained, it is a master or expert in the way who have done something with no intention when he/she must do it. The thought to intend to do itself is an obstacle, and prevents us from moving naturally and smoothly. Actually, the more strongly we want to punch an opponent, the more tense we become, and then we can not punch him/her strongly. Therefore, it is ideal to have punched him/her without an intentional thought to "punch." in reality, such intentional thought is not necessary for our soma. Researchers has found experimentally that our brain has generated a signal to raise the hand immediately before we have the thought to do it. We just have an illusion to make ourselves think that we move our hand of our own free will. Let go of the will (or "I") to intend to do something. That is the aim of Budo as well as Buddhism.
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